2023-12-22
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2013年,國(guo)(guo)內外宏觀(guan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)都發(fa)生了(le)很大的變(bian)化;2014年,發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體明顯復蘇,而發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)緩慢(man),有些國(guo)(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)速(su)下滑,但中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)仍然是穩增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)和穩中(zhong)求進。
對于鋼管市場(chang)環(huan)境,從(cong)產(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)看(kan),鋼管下游(you)的(de)(de)行業(ye)多數正由高(gao)速發展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)向中(zhong)(zhong)速平穩發展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)過渡,固(gu)定資(zi)產(chan)投資(zi)和(he)工(gong)業(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)值回落;從(cong)時代特征(zheng)看(kan),綠色(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)、金(jin)融深化和(he)收(shou)入倍增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)時代的(de)(de)到來,對鋼管行業(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)提出(chu)了(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求和(he)嚴峻的(de)(de)挑戰(zhan);從(cong)國(guo)(guo)際環(huan)境看(kan),發達經濟體“再工(gong)業(ye)化”,使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)鋼管在傳統出(chu)口(kou)市場(chang)受貿易保(bao)護主義的(de)(de)“雙反(fan)(fan)”(反(fan)(fan)補貼、反(fan)(fan)傾(qing)銷)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia),而且在印度(du)、東南亞等新(xin)興市場(chang)也面(mian)臨(lin)本(ben)土企業(ye)的(de)(de)競(jing)爭。鋼管企業(ye)在全球產(chan)業(ye)鏈轉移中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)競(jing)爭加(jia)(jia)劇,企業(ye)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)難度(du)加(jia)(jia)大。
但是,從(cong)市場整體來(lai)看,由(you)于國(guo)家“穩(wen)中求(qiu)(qiu)進”的(de)(de)(de)經濟方針(zhen),隨著新型城(cheng)鎮化的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)步推進,國(guo)家在基礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)、綠色能源方面的(de)(de)(de)投資將加(jia)大(da),建筑、汽車(che)、家電等行業對鋼(gang)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)將保持(chi)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長,鋼(gang)管市場與(yu)其他鋼(gang)材(cai)市場相比,市場需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)仍(reng)保持(chi)增(zeng)長勢頭,預(yu)計2014年鋼(gang)管市場需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)同比增(zeng)長約(yue)3%,出口增(zeng)長約(yue)5%。
預計鋼(gang)管總需求增(zeng)長3%
2013年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)國鋼管(guan)產量(liang)達到7979萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.67%。其(qi)中(zhong),無(wu)縫鋼管(guan)產量(liang)2962.8萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.6%;焊管(guan)產量(liang)5016.2萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.7%。出口(kou)(kou)方面,2013年(nian)(nian)鋼管(guan)出口(kou)(kou)900萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)1.61%。其(qi)中(zhong),無(wu)縫鋼管(guan)出口(kou)(kou)512萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降1.61%;焊管(guan)出口(kou)(kou)389萬噸(dun),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.16%。
預計2014年中(zhong)國鋼(gang)管(guan)消費8200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3%,其中(zhong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)3200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、焊管(guan)5000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun);鋼(gang)管(guan)出口約950萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5%,其中(zhong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)520萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、焊管(guan)430萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。從表格中(zhong)可以看出,房(fang)地產(chan)、機(ji)械、石油天然氣(qi)、外(wai)貿是鋼(gang)管(guan)主要的消費市場,占到(dao)了(le)總(zong)消費量的50%以上。
房地產用鋼(gang)管有所下降
2013年我國房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)市場呈(cheng)回升態勢(shi),全(quan)國房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)開發投(tou)資86013億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增長(chang)19.8%。預計(ji)2014年繼續向好,房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)開發投(tou)資為(wei)9.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)~10.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增長(chang)15.0%~17.5%,房屋新開工面(mian)積為(wei)20.9億(yi)(yi)平方米~21.3億(yi)(yi)平方米,同比(bi)增長(chang)6.0%~8.0%,建筑行業用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)占(zhan)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)消費量(liang)50%,而(er)房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)又占(zhan)建筑用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)的50%以上。房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要是指用(yong)于(yu)水煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的鍍鋅焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(含消防用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)),約(yue)700萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鋼(gang)(gang)塑復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)約(yue)300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),建筑用(yong)腳手架管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(?準48mm×3.5mm,?準51mm×3.0mm)每年新增150萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),全(quan)國城市供(gong)水、供(gong)熱用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)250萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。由(you)此預計(ji),房地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)2014年用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)約(yue)1400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),與2013年相比(bi)將下降18%。
鍍(du)鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)消費量下降的(de)原因(yin)在(zai)于:一方面由于鍍(du)鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工藝受(shou)環保的(de)制約,有些企業退出(chu)水(shui)(shui)煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)領域,就地改(gai)造成型工藝,采用(yong)熱鍍(du)鋅帶卷直(zhi)接(jie)焊(han)接(jie)成鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),用(yong)于裝飾管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);另一方面則(ze)在(zai)于塑(su)料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與鍍(du)鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)競(jing)爭房(fang)屋用(yong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)市場,取代了一部分用(yong)于水(shui)(shui)煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)鍍(du)鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。根據城市供(gong)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)“十二五”計劃(hua),全(quan)國城市新建和改(gai)造的(de)供(gong)、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線總長(chang)度(du)為27萬(wan)公里,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)型有水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鑄鐵(tie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑(su)料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。但供(gong)居民(min)(min)飲用(yong)的(de)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)必須為鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),預計可供(gong)居民(min)(min)飲水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)長(chang)度(du)占總長(chang)度(du)的(de)1/10,約2.7萬(wan)公里。水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)用(yong)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)徑范圍為700mm~3000mm,壁厚(hou)6mm~20mm,材質(zhi)為低鋼(gang)級(ji),多用(yong)螺旋埋弧焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。
此外,北方城(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)新(xin)建或(huo)改(gai)建的(de)方案(an)為集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)熱(re)(re),為房地(di)(di)產鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)量提供(gong)了市(shi)場。例如,作(zuo)為城(cheng)市(shi)空氣(qi)凈化(hua)的(de)必要措施(shi)(shi),近年來哈爾濱市(shi)新(xin)增集中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)熱(re)(re)能力2000萬平方米,拆(chai)并(bing)改(gai)造(zao)小鍋爐488臺,改(gai)造(zao)陳舊(jiu)老(lao)(lao)化(hua)供(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網276公里。因此,城(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網用(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)量在(zai)增大(da)。過(guo)去城(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)著重(zhong)關(guan)注地(di)(di)上(shang)設(she)施(shi)(shi),這些年城(cheng)市(shi)因地(di)(di)下排水堵塞不暢、供(gong)熱(re)(re)系統過(guo)多分散地(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)小鍋爐而污染大(da)氣(qi)、供(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)老(lao)(lao)化(hua)停止運行(xing)等城(cheng)市(shi)地(di)(di)下舊(jiu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網的(de)弊端不斷暴(bao)露,使(shi)(shi)得今后(hou)城(cheng)市(shi)地(di)(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)網設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)更新(xin)或(huo)改(gai)進(jin)將受到重(zhong)視(shi),這將使(shi)(shi)房地(di)(di)產鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)用(yong)量的(de)需求有較為穩定的(de)市(shi)場。
機械鋼管有所回升
2013年我國機械工業規模以上工業增(zeng)加值(zhi)同比增(zeng)長(chang)9.7%,全行(xing)業完成出(chu)口 交貨值(zhi)17855.43億元,同比增(zeng)長(chang)2.53%。出(chu)口增(zeng)速行(xing)業中,農業機械提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)9.8個百(bai)分(fen)點,文化辦公設備(bei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)8.59個百(bai)分(fen)點,機床工具提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)7.91個百(bai)分(fen)點。出(chu)口金額增(zeng)速高(gao)的(de)是礦井(jing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升設備(bei),增(zeng)幅為95.59%。
2013年(nian)(nian)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)消耗(hao)鋼材1.33億噸,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長4%。預計2014年(nian)(nian)國(guo)民經(jing)濟將(jiang)企穩回升(sheng),基(ji)礎設施投資繼續增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長,城(cheng)鎮化促進(jin)工業(ye)(ye)化進(jin)程(cheng)步伐加快(kuai),將(jiang)帶動機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)需求有(you)所回升(sheng)。同(tong)時,我(wo)國(guo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保有(you)量(liang)(liang)已經(jing)達(da)到(dao)較大規模(mo),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)更新換代和維護(hu)修(xiu)理量(liang)(liang)將(jiang)明顯上升(sheng)。預計2014年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加值增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速高于2013年(nian)(nian),將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)11%;鋼材消費量(liang)(liang)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)1.4億噸,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長5.3%;鋼管(guan)用量(liang)(liang)約為1400萬噸,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長12%。
石油天(tian)然氣管線管用(yong)量持平
在(zai)全(quan)球經濟(ji)溫和(he)增長(chang)(chang)的情況下,國(guo)際石(shi)(shi)油(you)天然氣(qi)市場(chang)在(zai)2014年將呈現出石(shi)(shi)油(you)需求(qiu)保持穩(wen)步增長(chang)(chang)、石(shi)(shi)油(you)供(gong)給仍將較快(kuai)增加、美元走強抑制(zhi)石(shi)(shi)油(you)價格上漲三(san)個特點(dian)。天然氣(qi)在(zai)我國(guo)能源消(xiao)費中的比例目(mu)前為5.3%,預計(ji)2014年我國(guo)天然氣(qi)產(chan)量將達到1310億(yi)立方米,原油(you)產(chan)量將達到2.2億(yi)噸。
提(ti)高(gao)清潔能(neng)源用(yong)量(liang)將(jiang)使石(shi)(shi)(shi)油天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)送管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)成為(wei)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)市場需(xu)求的(de)亮點,拉(la)動(dong)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)量(liang)較快增長。2014年中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油將(jiang)續(xu)建西氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東(dong)輸(shu)三(san)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)段、永泰聯絡線(xian)、陜京四(si)線(xian),中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化投資新建的(de)新疆煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外輸(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)工程(包括(kuo)新粵浙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)和新魯(lu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao))正(zheng)在啟(qi)動(dong),其相(xiang)關干線(xian)、支線(xian)和配套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網也(ye)將(jiang)陸續(xu)展開(kai)。與此(ci)同時(shi),非常規(gui)天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)送管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建設(she)也(ye)拉(la)開(kai)了序幕(mu),例如(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油開(kai)始鋪設(she)我國條頁巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao),全(quan)長約(yue)93公里(li)。煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建設(she)也(ye)進入了快車道(dao)(dao),以山(shan)西沁水(shui)盆(pen)地為(wei)例,在“十二(er)五”期(qi)間鄂爾多斯東(dong)緣和豫(yu)北要建設(she)13條煤層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao),輸(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)總長2054公里(li),設(she)計(ji)輸(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)力120億立(li)方(fang)米。煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發也(ye)已(yi)啟(qi)動(dong),到(dao)2015年將(jiang)建煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)12個,產(chan)能(neng)700億立(li)方(fang)米;到(dao)2020年煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)20個,產(chan)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)1200億立(li)方(fang)米。預計(ji)需(xu)要新建3條輸(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao),目(mu)前在建的(de)有大(da)唐煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進京管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)和伊犁煤制(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。
新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)帶動城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)、成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(汽油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you))管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的發展。一(yi)方(fang)面,我國(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)繼續(xu)推進城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)和成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的建(jian)設(she);到(dao)2015年(nian),我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)天然氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)達到(dao)43萬公(gong)里(li)(li)~45萬公(gong)里(li)(li),到(dao)“十二(er)五”末我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)總長(chang)(chang)度將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)達到(dao)60萬公(gong)里(li)(li)。成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)保證城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)供應能(neng)力和提升成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)行業的水(shui)平。以(yi)江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)為(wei)例,2014年(nian)我國(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)啟動鋪設(she)長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)-南昌成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)道,長(chang)(chang)達360公(gong)里(li)(li),到(dao)2015年(nian),全省(sheng)計劃完(wan)成(cheng)5條成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)輸管(guan)道,總長(chang)(chang)度達1250公(gong)里(li)(li),連接全省(sheng)加(jia)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)總量達3800座。另一(yi)方(fang)面,2013年(nian)11月22日青島黃濰輸油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)線爆炸特大事故的發生,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)大城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)對(dui)舊(jiu)(jiu)有(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)線的更新力度。以(yi)上海市(shi)為(wei)例,上海市(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)規模2.3萬公(gong)里(li)(li),使(shi)用燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)的歷史(shi)長(chang)(chang)達147年(nian),舊(jiu)(jiu)有(you)管(guan)道(鑄鐵管(guan))改(gai)造的任務很繁重(zhong)。上海市(shi)自(zi)2013年(nian)開始(shi)實施120公(gong)里(li)(li)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)隱患管(guan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的改(gai)造,預計在2014年(nian)內(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)。這只(zhi)是我國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)舊(jiu)(jiu)有(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)道改(gai)造的序幕。
預計(ji)2014年(nian)國(guo)內市場陸地上天(tian)然氣、原油、成(cheng)品油長(chang)輸管(guan)(guan)線(xian)、非常規天(tian)然氣管(guan)(guan)線(xian)、城(cheng)市燃氣管(guan)(guan)網和成(cheng)品油管(guan)(guan)網所(suo)用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)線(xian)管(guan)(guan)總量為650萬(wan)噸(dun),油井管(guan)(guan)400萬(wan)噸(dun)(其中無縫管(guan)(guan)320萬(wan)噸(dun),焊管(guan)(guan)80萬(wan)噸(dun)),共(gong)計(ji)石油專用(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)約1050萬(wan)噸(dun),與2013年(nian)管(guan)(guan)線(xian)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)(yong)量大致持平。
礦漿管線需求是外貿新亮(liang)點
2013年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)鋼管外(wai)貿(mao)(mao)取得很大進展(zhan),是(shi)鋼材出(chu)(chu)口三大產品(冷板系列(lie)(lie)、熱板系列(lie)(lie)、管材系列(lie)(lie))之一,出(chu)(chu)口集中(zhong)地為東南(nan)亞、中(zhong)東和北美(mei)地區。然而(er),由于貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)保(bao)護(hu)主義明顯增加(jia),我國(guo)(guo)鋼管出(chu)(chu)口將面(mian)臨更多(duo)困難。西方發(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)家如(ru)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)、歐盟、加(jia)拿大因自身“再(zai)工業化”,發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家如(ru)巴西、印(yin)度、墨西哥為保(bao)護(hu)本土企(qi)業,都對我國(guo)(guo)企(qi)業發(fa)起“雙反”調查。根據(ju)相關機構統(tong)(tong)計,國(guo)(guo)際金融危機爆(bao)發(fa)5年(nian)來,各(ge)國(guo)(guo)新出(chu)(chu)臺了近300項(xiang)“以(yi)鄰為壑”的貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)措施(shi)。據(ju)統(tong)(tong)計,2013年(nian)境(jing)外(wai)對我國(guo)(guo)鋼鐵(tie)企(qi)業發(fa)起的貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)救濟措施(shi)調查達(da)到(dao)17起。
然而,鋼管(guan)(guan)外(wai)貿(mao)形勢(shi)也有有利的(de)(de)(de)(de)一面。世界石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)版圖在悄悄變化,美國(guo)(guo)頁巖氣開發成功,意味著其(qi)能源(yuan)自給率(lv)大大提升,依賴中(zhong)(zhong)東石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)供給的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求已(yi)經弱化;我國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)化等企業得(de)到(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)機遇;世界非(fei)常規天(tian)然氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,促進了世界多個地區油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣長輸管(guan)(guan)線建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓬勃興起,除了在建的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)線以外(wai),規劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)線長度達(da)14.3萬公(gong)里,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)75%是天(tian)然氣管(guan)(guan)線,未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣專用管(guan)(guan)市場留(liu)有發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)空間。同時,國(guo)(guo)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦漿管(guan)(guan)線需求也是一個外(wai)貿(mao)新(xin)亮點(dian)。例(li)如(ru)日前武(wu)鋼武(wu)漢江北公(gong)司HFW660鋼管(guan)(guan)廠生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)X70鋼級、單(dan)管(guan)(guan)長度18米的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦漿焊管(guan)(guan)出口到(dao)(dao)澳大利亞(ya),應用于巴(ba)布亞(ya)新(xin)幾內亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦漿輸送管(guan)(guan)線工程。
按(an)照“借船出(chu)海”的思路,天津(jin)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)集團公司在(zai)美國(guo)(guo)建設無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)石油套管(guan)(guan)加工(gong)基(ji)地,為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)“走出(chu)去”作出(chu)了(le)示范。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)企業在(zai)外貿上不僅僅是出(chu)口鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)實物,還可以出(chu)口鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)設備和技術等。